Cloning Essay
Cloning
For many years, the cloning of adults, animals or humans has been mostly the object of science fiction, something unforeseen by man. However, "The world was shocked in February of 1997 when British scientist, named Ian Wilmot announced that his research team successfully cloned lamb named dolly from an adult sheep at the Roselyn Institute in Scotland".(1) For what seemed like a dream for many years quickly turned into reality. The newest and possibly the most controversial phenomena in curing human disease, a phenomenon better known as cloning, was born.
Through out the history of man, human disease has been considered a leading cause of death. Since antiquity, physicians explored assorted remedies in order to cure various...show more content...
1995 Ian Wilmut replicates First's experiment with differentiated cells from sheep, but puts embryo cells into an inactive state before transferring their nuclei to sheep eggs. The eggs develop into normal lambs. In February 1997 Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute in Scotland report they have cloned a 6–year–old adult sheep from an udder cell. They name the sheep Dolly (after Dolly Parton). It is the first clone created from an adult cell. (4)
Although, many believe cloning to be beneficial to mankind, just like with any new discovery cloning has become a widely debated controversial topic. In 1978 the release of David Rorvik's book, In His Image: The Cloning of a Man, sparks a worldwide debate on cloning ethics. (4) Many would argue that cloning has tremendous positive aspects and would only better our way of life. While other groups such as naturalists and religious followers, strongly disagree. Those who support cloning feel that cloning could bring our understanding of evolution and human past to a new heightened level of understanding. Cloning would also allow for organ transplant without a waiting list. "Therapeutic cloning [specific cloning technique] and embryonic stem cell research may represent the best hope for the hundreds of
Essay about The Pros and Cons of Cloning
A clone is a cell, group of cells, or an organism that has descended from an ancestor without sexual reproduction. Humans have found cloning to be valuable and productive. For example, Agricultural scientists use embryo cloning to boost the number of offspring from farm animals. They hope to use cloning as to increase the number of offspring from animals with desired traits, such as lean meat or above–average milk production. Research biologists also use the technique of cloning to study how animals develop during the early stages of life. Humans find interest in cloning because it can be used as medical treatment, such as for couples who have difficulty conceiving a child. This problem may pardon from several conditions,...show more content...
Researchers have only been successful in cloning using whole nuclei. Therefore, in order to clone dinosaurs, you need its nucleus, not just DNA. As well, to find success in cloning you need an egg cell that is very closely related to the donor nucleus. But another problem is that the dinosaur eggs of millions of years ago may have changed greatly with the eggs of modern birds and reptiles. Therefore these ancient genes might not be able to even function properly. Another problem is that the eggs of modern reptiles and birds usually tend to be large so they cannot always be easily enucleated. Researchers have found success in cloning amphibians but find it much more difficult when it comes to cloning mammals. One of the problems is the fact that amphibian eggs are larger than mammal eggs. Eggs that come from mammals are also enclosed in a tough membrane, called the zona pellucida. This tough membrane holds the cells of the young embryo together. In order to remove the nucleus, it is done through a process called surgical aspiration, and the nucleus is sucked through a micropipette with a sharpened tip. Another problem with cloning mammals is that in order for the fertilized eggs to develop, they need to be implanted in an adult female's uterus. As a result, a cloned embryo requires a foster mother. By 1933, scientists had cloned five different species of mammals, which include cows, mice, pigs, rabbits, and
Is Cloning Good Or Harmful? Essay
They Have Been Here All Along
Cloning is not solely a big science–fiction thing like most people think it is. Cloning is real and is currently in use to this day and in various ways. Cloning has made a big difference in the world but has not received its right to fame due to the well–known rumors about it or overstated few odd facts about it. However, cloning is used in more ways than most people think or imagine. There are many small things that are being made in the world by cloning and the world is better due to its use. Cloning is extremely helpful and it is used to make medicine, it has a positive economic impact and can improve the lives of all living things.
Cloning has always been thought of as something futuristic like something right out of a mad scientists mind, as in movie or book. It has been used in countless media forms such as Star Wars, Jurassic Park and many other iconic films. The media betrayal has put cloning to fame. Most of the world has heard of cloning and many ideas come to mind, however most of the thoughts that come to mind are misconstrued and outdated due to media misconceptions and conclusions drawn upon by the public. That being said, cloning's overall myths or rumors get built into what people believe to become common knowledge or facts about cloning. Cloning is much more than just making a copy of a person or some kind of object.
Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. Other living things had been cloned before
Cloning Essay
Cloning
For hundreds of years man has wondered what it would be like to clone human beings. With the idea of cloning comes many different opinions and positions. The idea of creating an army of "super humans" has long been a dream of many people. Others have feared what would happen to the world if cloning were possible and if cloning is morally correct. Overall, religion and ethics play a vital role in the both of these viewpoints and greatly effect many positions on the topic of cloning. In February of 1997 Dr. Ian Wilmut, a 52–year–old embryologist at the Roslin Institute in dinburgh announced the cloning of a lamb named Dolly 1. He had replaced the genetic material of sheep's egg with the DNA...show more content...
Many individuals also stated that now that the technology is available, its use is inevitable. Randolfe Wicker, a New York businessperson, founded the Clone Rights United Front after reports of the successful cloning. His goals are to continue to push for more research and to defend people's rights.3 These examples show the rights of the individual, but ironically many people who fight for the rights of individuals, form groups to do so. In his Tuesday, February 25, 1997 article 'Should We Fear Dolly?' James K. Glassman, a writer for the Washington post discusses his favorable views on cloning. He points out that cloning is something that could someday be used for treatment to cure human diseases, and the ability to produce organs for transplanting as benefits for all of society. Also, he points out that while cloning people is against the law in other countries, it is not in the United States. He said, "I don't think it should be –– certainly not at this stage . . . Trying to stop intellectual progress, in any form, is a terrible mistake. Furthermore, the technology is not, in principle, policeable. In other words, you couldn't really stop research on human cloning if you wanted to." 4
Most of the scientific community favors the cloning of animals. Many, including Dr. Wilmut, argue that the potential for medical and
Animal Cloning Essay
Final Essay: Multiple Sources, Research Based Argumentative Essay
Animal Cloning: Beneficial to Humans
Today's technology develops so quickly that many impossible things become true; the example is cloning technology. Cloning is a process used to create an exact copy of a mammal by using the complete genetic material of a regular body cell. Different from the common propagate, cloning needs only one cell and without sex. Cloning, as of recent years, has become a very controversial issue in society but cloning can have several positive effects for the well being of society. Many people in society believe that scientists should develop a clone human but many people and especially the government are against human cloning. Hundreds of...show more content...
Farmers are using different technology for breeding. They used selective breeding to produce animals that exhibit desirable traits and they get more benefit from it. For example, using breeding techniques farmers makes cows which produce more milk with less lactose, and sheep which produce more wool. Farmers accept this new selective breeding technology because in the past, farmers would use growth hormones to promote such qualities. This became problematic when residue of the hormones remained in the meat, leaving it with a foul taste. When researchers began to clone transgenic animals, it became possible to develop certain traits in animals, which increased the quality of their yield. When a farmer would like to raise the standards of a herd, the breeding process is very slow and sometimes incomes can decrease (Wilmut 23). Many times when relying on sexual breeding alone to mass–produce these animals, there are chances of breeding out the desired traits (Freudenrich). Transgenic animal cloning will result in higher quality meats and dairies without the use of artificial hormones. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration released in January 2008 concluded "edible products from normal, healthy clones or their progeny do not appear to pose increased food consumption risks relative to comparable products from conventional animals." After 2008, US Food and Drug Administrative agree to use
Cloning Essay
Cloning
In recent years, the issue of cloning has been up for debate worldwide. Cloning is the production of one or more individual plants or animals that are genetically identical to another plant or animal. There are two different types of cloning procedures, embryo cloning and adult DNA cloning. Embryo cloning occurs when sperm and egg cells are mixed in a glass dish. After conception, the zygote (fertilized egg) is allowed to divide and nutrients are added to promote cell division. The cells then fuse with an ovum which has the nucleus removed. Adult DNA cloning is taking cells from mammary tissue from an adult. Cloning can have many good results to help humans, but others argue that it is wrong because it is immoral....show more content...
Scientists are researching by splitting embryos to execute experiments to find data relating to cell differentiation, the use of stem cells, and genetic screening. Fertility clinics use this service to help couples when a mother or father has a genetic disorder. A fertility clinic will clone an embryo, then test it for genetic disorders. If the embryo is tested negative for genetic disorders, then the fertility clinic implants a clone of that embryo. This should guarantee that the child would not have any genetic disorders.
I view cloning with mixed feelings, but I agree strongly with cloning being right. I do not believe that cloning humans to make more humans is right, but I do think cloning human organs to replace a defective gene is right. In England, scientists are heavily researching the embryo for stem cells. Right now the British scientists can use early embryos to study specific problems such as infertility, congenital diseases, contraception and prenatal diagnostics. Cloning good stem cells and using them for babies with these problems would prevent the diseases from ever happening. The reason for using the stem cell is because the cell is so versatile. Stem cells are taken from human embryos and fetal tissue. The cell, when never used, like in embryos, can be turned into nearly any cell type of the whole body. Scientists also expect that when using cloned embryos a person would easily overcome the problem of
Cloning Essay examples
Cloning
Scientific experimentation has led us to many great discoveries such as: Chemotherapy, heart surgery, and bone marrow transplants. Recently scientists have discovered a new way to heal humans. This is known as cloning. Although they have yet to clone a human they have cloned sheep. Cloning has brought up a huge controversy among the American people. There are two sides to the story. Either you agree with cloning or you don't. The only way to help make that decision is to look at the good and bad points of cloning. There are many positive aspects of human and non–human cloning. Human cloning technology could be used to reverse the number one killer in the United States, heart attacks. Scientists believe that they...show more content...
By combining this technology with human cloning technology it may be possible to produce needed tissue for suffering people that will be free of rejection by their immune systems. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease, diabetes, heart failure, and other problems may be made curable by human cloning. ("Cloning to Save Lives") Now there are also some ways that we are playing god through cloning. For example, infertile parents could easily have a baby cloned using their DNA and women that are at high risk for Down's syndrome can avoid that risk by cloning. Even though this sounds great we are basically changing reproduction, as we have always known it to be. There are also many negative aspects of cloning. To create different organs or limbs in order to help a person to live longer or more comfortably seems to go against nature. The way human life should be created is through sexual intercourse. Harmond Varmus, a schoolteacher, said it best; "Human cloning represents a grave attack on the dignity of conception and on the right an unrepeatable, unpredetermined set of genes." To clone an animal is almost the same thing. We are playing with the way humans and animals have reproduced for years. Is it fair that we clone and then kill an animal just for its organs in order to save a person's life? Scientists are not even sure that the animal's organs will be compatible with the human body. According to the Medical Research
Persuasive Essay On Cloning
Cloning has been a mystery that has puzzled the majority of scientists through many decades on how they could be able to achieve the impossible, many have given up and thought of this action as an impossible accomplishment that may never become a reality of the world. Over the past recents decade this impossible accomplishment is now becoming a reality to the world. "A clone is a genetically identical copy of an organism, and it may be created asexually oe created in a lab. The three types of cloning consist of reproductive, gene, and therapeutic cloning" ("Cloning"). There have been many attempts throughout the years of trying to produce a cloning until finally in 1979 the first reproductive animal clone was developed a sheep named polly who was the clone of her surrogate mother dolly the sheep. Therapeutic, reproductive, and animal cloning should be implemented more in the United States of America; because it will increase medical advancements in organ transplants, will give infertile parents a chance to procreate, and will give scientists the chance to further cloning and acknowledgments of diseases. Therapeutic cloning is the use of cloning embryonic stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues and organs. This type of cloning can be used for many different types of diseases and organ transplants through various options allowed by therapeutic cloning. First off, therapeutic cloning has the ability to duplicate same, healthy cells in damaged organs and tissues
Essay on Cloning
It all started back in the fifties when James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of DNA (D'Souza NA). Ever since there has been talk of human and animal cloning. It all seemed out of reach and basically impossible, but in 1997 that all changed when a sheep, named Dolly, was the first ever mammal to be cloned. She was cloned for the purpose of curing disease and research on animal organs for human transplantation (Schaeffer 3). Now that scientists know that it is possible to clone literally anything with DNA, the world has become a rather scary place.
This raises the...show more content...
"The subject of animal cloning has provoked debate about the ethics of interfering with nature as well as about the danger of using laboratory means to accomplish what habitat preservation and other conservation measures cannot" (Gugliotta A3). Now there is talk that they are going to start cloning animals that have been extinct from ten to thousands of years ago. Scientists are contemplating the possibility of cloning a 20,000–year–old woolly mammoth from a block of ice in northern Siberia and are planning to use an elephant for it is surrogate mother (Gugliotta A3). This is just crazy, I don't think that I need to remind every one of the movie Jurassic Park. Do we want to move into a world of genetically engineered animals? I definitely do not; these animals became extinct for a reason and who are we to say that it is time for them to roam to earth again?
Another type of cloning that is now being investigated is the use of biotechnology to help infertile couples have children. Even "Ian Wilmut, the scientist who cloned Dolly and has come out publicly against human cloning, was not trying to help sheep have genetically related children"(Thomas 47). This technique to impregnate infertile couples is basically the same that they are using on the animals. First an egg is removed from a woman and all of its genetics are then stripped. Then the cells from the donor are
Benefits of Cloning Essay examples
Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism through the use of a DNA sample. After the first cloned sheep dolly was created, many people were keen in knowing more about cloning and its benefit to society. Additionally, many of us want to know the pros and con the disadvantages and possible risks it may have on society and mankind. Most importantly, there are three types of cloning, therapeutic, reproductive, and embryonic cloning. These types of cloning are all ways of scientists trying to find ways to produce a living organism or organs.
Undoubtedly, cloning is a topic that raises many question when brought up within society. However we can't dismiss the fact that the process could benefit the lives of human...show more content...
This is a form of therapeutic cloning in which scientists use embryo to grow human organs. Most importantly, it could be used to improve the quantity and quality of our foods products. However, this form of cloning is actually destroying our human embryos, which initially causes many to wonder whether this idea of cloning id worth it in the end.
Recently, there has been the idea of scientists trying to clone animals for food. Although products from cloned animals are more likely to be safe, we still have to do a more comprehensive study to examine the safety of the foods. Mellon (2006) argued that "If consumers aren't going to be told if their meat is from a clone, FDA has to be certain that meat is safe (para.2)". It's important that consumers know what is entering their body because if the cloned products causes the consumer to get sick, then the consumer have the right to take any legal action against the FDA. In addition, just because a cloned organism may appear normal, doesn't mean that it may not have any genetic defect; cause most of the time many cloned organisms always seem to have a genetic defect that causes them to die at an early age.
Unquestionably, cloning is a good way for scientists to find new developing cells or genetically transform an organism. However, it could have an enormous impact within our society. Many scientists are now starting to realize that cloning could lead to psychological harm upon
Essay on Human Cloning
Would clones understand themselves as creations or copies? Would cloning undermine the conception of a human being's individuality? (Medicines' Brave New World) Those are two of the most questioned aspects of human cloning. Everyone always wants to be their own person and have their own thought, basically, be as original as they can be. How original can you get when there's someone out there thinking, doing, and looking exactly like you? Not very original, if you ask me. Human cloning, cloning of any kind, has been looked at as being creepy, scary, immoral, and in the most dismal way, exciting. Cloning of humans should be prohibited because it is offensive to the human life and religion.
In July 2000, Dr. Ian Wilmut, a geneticist of...show more content...
In the past, animal cloning experiments has dealt scientists with grotesque and disastrous outcomes. The cloned animals had either been born with serious defects and/or deformities. The main task that needs to be taken care of before the thought human cloning even steps into the picture is that of dealing with this major setback. It took 277 attempts to produce Dolly, and apparently Dolly is normal. It's easy to just brush off the fact that a baby lamb was born with malformations or genetic defects. It's easy to just dump the failed experiment and not worry about the consequences. How are we to do this if it were done to the human population? What would happen to the 277 other failed experiments produced before that one success? More than 277 embryos, the start of 277 human beings, would die for the sake of just one embryo that would have the same DNA as some one else.
Human cloning would be means of degrading the character of the human race. It tests the boundaries of a humans way of being valuable and unique. Cloning a human would take away a person's identity. All humans are guaranteed their own personality without barriers. The right to be yourself will be breached by the fact that everything you thought was yours will be given to back someone else's genetic identity. It's important to know that personality is not bounded in someone's genes, but that the
Cloning Persuasive Essay
What was once thought to be the content of fiction novels and comic books is now being fully explored and realized in the cutting edge world of modern science. Scientists now possess the necessary capabilities and technology to make the process of human cloning a reality. While this is a controversial and rather sensitive topic, cloning is an innovative practice that has the potential to vastly improve the lives of unlimited amounts of people. Although cloning may prove to be a useful remedy for many of today's issues, there are those in the scientific and medical fields who remain vehemently opposed to its practice. It is for this reason that lawmakers, scientists, and doctors around the world are currently locked in a fierce standoff...show more content...
Individuals who are afflicted by these diseases die, often within their first four years of life. There is no viable reason why children should not have the chance to lead full and happy lives, with the help of cloning technology that reality could be achieved. Those opposed to the practice of human cloning argue that it is unnatural to create a living being for the sole purpose of study and science. This is really not the case at all; while some may be asked to participate in experiments for the betterment of humanity they are not painful or impractical procedures and will only involve taking DNA samples with little or no inconvenience inflicted upon the subject. Besides occasional testing, cloned humans would certainly be able to live normal lives. The fact being that the only difference between them and a regular human is the sequence of their genetic code. Another supplementary argument can be made on the topic of medical advancements made possible through the cloning process, mankind will be provided with organs and cells with which human's lives will be saved. If a person needs an organ transplant the normal means of transplantation would involve the removal of an organ from another person. This organ could be rejected and many complications could arise, often with deadly repercussions. Human cloning would involve using the person's own cells that could be cloned to produce a healthy, normal organ for use in the person. Through this process, there would be no