Health Insurance Essay
The main function for health care financing is to pay for health insurance premium and reimburse health providers for services delivered. Still, there is a crucial challenge when creating health insurance plans, provide coverage for "health care needs without encouraging unnecessary spending." (Maas) Over time, health care financing has been evolving, and now consumers can acquire health insurance through government programs like Medicare, which it is for the elderly, for certain individuals with disabilities and end–stage renal disease. Therefore, any person who meets the requirements can enroll to this program. Also, there is Medicaid, which it is the program for the poor, and Children's Health Insurance Program best known as CHIP, which insure kids who come from low–income families. Nonetheless, there are several types of private insurance like self–insured plans, individual private health insurance, Medigap, and group insurance program, which it is "... a substantial number of people in the group will purchase insurance through its sponsor." (Shi, 2019, p. 224) Further, thanks to the diversity and wide range of health insurance...show more content...
219) Consequently, moral hazard has a negative impact in health care financing since people are less likely to take care of their health when they have the ease to frequently consult a doctor and use any medical service at any time, therefore with health insurance there is an increase in health care spending, "but the value of this care is less than its cost, generating... loss." (Nyman, 2004) Additionally, since such services are reimbursed to health care providers by health care financing there is a "potential to increase health care costs." (Thoma,
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
Health and well–being is a high priority in current health and social care provision. The importance of promoting health and well–being is due to the dramatically increasing trend of morbidity and mortality from health problems, illness and chronic disease. Physiotherapists have potentially a significant role in the multidisciplinary health promotion arena. As physiotherapists can promote health in dynamic of ways and make contribution to the community. The promotion of health to enable individuals suffers from illness or has chronic conditions to improve their potential for healthy living. "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well–being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." (WHO, 1948) Wellness...show more content...
Socioeconomic issue is also an important affecting factor, generally people with higher education and higher income tends to be less prone to stress. Due to their individual live is at a greater life quality. Quality of life can be defined as "individuals' perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns." (WHOQOL, 1995). Socioeconomic status tends to be inversely related to participation in leisure–time physical activity, which may be related to people with low incomes having less discretionary time and less access to exercise facilities and green spaces (McNeill et al., 2006) In developed countries, people tend to have a sedentary lifestyle which can leads to higher levels of obesity, therefore lower overall well–being. A study shown "The percentage of all deaths in England with obesity on the certificate doubled from 0.11% in 1995 to 0.23% in 2006." (NHS choices, 2010) The researchers concluded: "There is an emerging trend of increased certification of obesity as a cause of death in England." (NHS choices, 2010) Levels of obesity are increasing dramatically and, if current trends continue, around 90% of men and 80% of women will be overweight or obese by 2050. (Black, DC, 2008).
Although countries differ greatly, "two thirds of the people 15 years and older in the European Union are not physically active at
Health Inequality Essay
The quality of living is not the same for everyone and therefore this often creates inequality in many individual's health outcomes. The Public Health Agency of Canada states that the health inequalities an individual face due to their "health status, can be a result of genetics, choices an individual has made or by chance" (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008). However, they also state that often these inequalities occur because of the unequal access to non–medical reasons such as income, and employment and social support. (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008). The connection between health inequality, experienced through health status factors such as income, education, living environment is very evident through expenditure trends. Individuals who have higher income are more capable of purchasing health services and goods, while individuals and families with lower income are incapable and therefore choose to compromise their health and receive poor health care. Individuals with low incomes, often lack resources and the appropriate access to adequate healthy and safe living conditions and this often leads to bad health outcomes (Commission of Social Determinants, 2008). On the Commission Social Determinants of Health report, it states that when individuals have higher and more exposure to stress, as well a poor social support and aid from community health and lack of resources are more likely to continue to have poor health (Commission of Social Determinants of Health,
Health Assessment Essay
Abstract
Throughout this complete health assessment, I will approach my patient, a 49 years old, female, married patient, and perform a head to toe examination. Starting with the gathering of information, I will start with biographic data, reason for seeking care, present illness, past health history, family history, functional assessment, perception of health, head to toe examination, and baseline measurements. The subjective data will be collected first, where the patient will provide necessary information about every organ system for further examination while the objective data will be amassed in every system based on my findings. This assignment serves as an opportunity to establish a nurse–client interpersonal relationship that...show more content...
Stopped after 6 months because of drowsiness.
1990: Diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease, which resolved after three months on cimetidine. She describes no history of cancer, lung disease or previous heart disease.
Allergy: Penicillin; experienced rash and hives in 1985.
Social History
Alcohol use: 1 or 2 beers each weekend; 1 glass of wine once a week with dinner.
Tobacco use: None.
Medications: No prescription or illegal drug use. Occasional OTC ibuprofen (Advil) for headache (QOD).
Accidents or Injuries: No automobile accident.
Immunizations: Childhood immunizations up to date. Last influenza, "probably 2 years ago". No TB skin test.
Last Examinations: Last examination 2 weeks ago, general check up, told "normal". Yearly clinical breast examination (CBE), mammography, told "normal". Yearly Pap smear, last performed January last year, 2010. Last visit to oncologist, 2008, told "normal".
Current medications: Prescribed Antacids, Nexium, q24h, or when pain is severe, Tylenol 500 mg, PO, q12h.
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Family History
R.M is the first youngest child, two sisters, healthy, parents married, father had chronic alcoholism, mother remains in perfect general health, not known disease or condition. Grandmother on father's side T.E, died at age 78, from cardiac arrest; Grandfather on father's side, R.M, died at age 45, from automobile accident; Grandmother on mother's side, L.S, suffered from Parkinson, died at age 79,
Essay on Definitions of Health
Definitions of health
It is fairly difficult to define health as there are no agreements between scholars. This is why many sociologists focus their research on the different issues and problems of ill health.
Positive definition of health: positive health looks at the physical, emotional, intellectual aspects of a person's wellbeing. This is in the way that they do not have any diseases or ailments.
An example of the positive definition of health in a health and social care is a nurse in who is working in a hospital can say to one of their patients that have recently started exercising to become more 'healthier' 'you look very healthy'.
Positive health looks at what aspects of health are there and which ones make us healthy....show more content...
An example of holistic health could be that a psychologist's client may have bipolar disorder and the psychologist would still focus on all of the other aspects of their client's life and not just on the symptoms the client is experiencing of bipolar disorder.
Holistic health looks as everything as a whole and never different aspects of health individually.
World Health Organisation definition of health: the World Health Organisation defines health as "not merely an absence of disease, but a state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social well–being." (2013 K Pritchett Class Notes)
An example of health defined by the World Health Organisation in a health and social care setting could be that in order for a patient of a doctors surgery to be healthy they would have to have a complete state of physical, mental, spiritual and social well–being. This means that if a patient was in a wheel chair they could never be seen as healthy as they do not have a complete state of physical well–being.
The World Health Organisation thinks that people must have all complete aspects to be completely healthy.
The Clinical Iceberg
'The Clinical Iceberg' is a term used to call the levels of illnesses that are found from official statistics. This is because some people do not always seek medical attention when they become ill therefore these official statistics may not be correct and showing the 'true' levels of
Essay about Health and Wellbeing
In society today, there is an extensive range of definitions of health and wellbeing which can be seen as both positive and negative. A Holistic view can also be identified and defined. These definitions of health have changed over time and will carry on changing within the future. According to where a family lives or their social class everyone will have different meanings and views of health and wellbeing. This may be due to what one person perceives as being healthy as another person may not. Channel 4 learning (no date) describes that a positive view of health can be seen as when a person is more likely to achieve and sustain physical fitness from exercising and are mentally stable. Therefor a negative view can be described when a...show more content...
According to Floyd, Mimms and Yelding (2008) Webster's Dictionary defines health as "the condition of being sound in body, mind and spirit... freedom from physical disease or pain." This definition has very much taken the holistic view. Wellbeing is a term in which reflects on the positive emphasis on health and can be broken down into six aspects know as environmental, physical, social, emotional, mental and spiritual. To achieve a high balance of wellbeing it is vital that a person is able to balance and take care of each aspect effectively. Underdown (2007) implies that in 1948 the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as 'a state of complete physical, mental and social well–being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.' This definition took a holistic view as it mentions mental and social wellbeing and it was supported as it focused on a person being healthy rather than not being ill. However, this definition has been widely criticized. Seedhouse (1986) believed that for someone to be in perfect state of health is unachievable and unrealistic.
There is a wide range of major genetic, social and environmental factors which influence the health and wellbeing of children in today's society. According to The Marmot Review (2011) the more deprived the area or district which a child lives in, the more likely it is to have social and
Essay on Health Promotion
"Health is defined as a state of physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO). Like wise health promotion is the process of increasing the functional capacity of all people hence promote the sense of well–being. In order to accomplish this goal all health care professionals have to work hard by submitting themselves to their patients and community as a whole. Thus globalize health promotion should be the ultimate mission for all health care team, especially for nurses. Nurses are the first level health care team therefore nurses should play as a role model to all human beings. They should hold various positions in order to achieve optimum results. In this evolving health industry...show more content...
The impacts of health promotion are healthy population and healthy environments. People need to commit themselves in strengthening their learning skills and to change their necessary life styles in order to improve their health.
The Purpose of Health Promotion in Nursing Practice: Health promotion is utmost important to optimize and or to ensure a globalize good quality health. It is a multifactor approach and moreover the health care costs can be reduced to a great extent. Thus today's bad economic condition can be changed greatly. This enables every individual to function effectively and appropriately. It is necessary to explore concepts of health by interactions between physical, social, psychological and spiritual aspects of life.(Edelman 2010). To prevent further progression of diseases and various opportunistic infections nurses should implement multiple health education strategies and teaching styles. While assessing the patients and their families, present health status, their education, economy, supportive systems, learning skills and its strategies all have to be taken in to consideration. Furthermore implementing primary, secondary and tertiary preventive measures to promote health of all populations in every country thus globalize health promotion is achievable. By considering various aspects of health promotion, evaluating the effectiveness of assessments
Health Goal Essay
Health Goal Final Report When contemplating what goal I should try and reach, the most influential thing I could think of was trying to do fifty consecutive push–ups within the set duration of time. By doing so, it would allow me to work on perseverance as well as motivating myself, which would positively impact other behaviors I tend to do. My goal is related to this because I am forced to persevere through the tough times when I do not think I can complete my objective, which will overall help to strengthen my focus. When I began my goal, I did not anticipate the amount of time it takes to dedicate myself to what I wanted to do. My state of change was pre–contemplation, because I had never thought how positive the impact of doing push–ups...show more content...
I will definitely have the same perspective, and try to have the same endurance as when completing this goal, because these elements were ones that we essential when doing push–ups. However, I will set a more realistic time constraint or a smaller amount of whatever I am trying to do, so I will be able to reach the original goal. Also, I may try and complete the goal at a different time, (instead of during the winter) because at some points it was difficult to motivate myself when I knew that there was no reason I needed to stay in shape other than for spring.
Overall, this assignment was interesting to accomplish, because there were times that I thought my goal was entirely unreasonable, but also times that I was proud I stayed with it. In the future, I would continue doing this assignment, but alter how to proceed with the record logs. Each one seemed similar, so, to keep the appeal, you may want to ask questions that were not always about the physical goal, but instead about how the participant was feeling mentally. Ask questions to make them think about each step of their personal journey, which may reveal new aspects of the
Essay on Health Literacy
Health Literacy
Health illiteracy has become referred to as the silent epidemic. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website, the National Assessment of Adult Literacy showed only 12 percent of adults have proficient health literacy. That means nine out of ten adults may lack the needed skills to adequately manage their health and prevent disease.
Healthy People 2010 define health literacy as "the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health care related decisions." These are the skills that people need to find the right place in the hospital, fill out insurance forms, and communicate appropriately with...show more content...
"It was estimated in 1998 that between $35–73 billion was wasted in prolonged hospital stays and frequent doctors visits related to low health literacy" (Ickes, MEd & Cottrell, DEd, CHES, 2010, p. 492). With all of the previously mentioned problems of poor health literacy, individuals who fall into these categories are also more likely to die at an early age. Is there a solution to this costly societal problem? The long–term solution rests in the hands of health education beginning in kindergarten and continuing throughout college. We need more community involvement with this issue. It not only affects the health illiterate but those that are very health literate. It raises the costs of health care enormously. Despite massive technological advances and that we spend twice as much per capita on healthcare in the United States, we remain one of the unhealthiest nations in the world. Low health literacy contributes to our grim future. We have high rates of infant mortality; increased mortality related to chronic, preventable disease processes; and cancer mortality could be greatly reduced by early detection.
Health literacy is both a consumer and public healthcare issue. As a health care provider, it is not only my responsibility to ensure that you understand your health and what is going on
Goal Of Health Essay
The goal of Healthy people 2020 involving cardiac health is to improve quality of life and cardiovascular health through prevention, improved treatment and decreasing the overall risk factors of cardiac disease consequently reducing cardiac events, chronic cardiac illnesses and reduction of death rates related to cardiovascular events ("Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion," 2010).
The leading cause of death in the United States is heart disease. $320 billion health care expenditures and related cost is spent annually on cardiovascular related illnesses. Heart disease has the highest modifiable risk factors including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, tobacco use, diabetes, poor diet and exercise and obesity ("Office of Disease...show more content...
Preventable health impacts society financially through the choices made resulting in long term behaviors that begin in adolescents. Tobacco use is an example that typically cost $193 billion dollars in related health care problems and the average age of smoking usually start at approximately18 years of age ("Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion," 2010). Adolescents is typically healthy years. Behavior modification and preventable care impacts their long term health. Behaviors are typically influenced by social environment, peers at school or in their community. There are two areas anticipated to increased in need related to adolescents. The first is related to increased diversity associated with the increased Hispanic and Asian population in the Untied States. Increased response to this diversity through cultural awareness, support to educational needs in minority areas will be needed. The second goal for adolescent health according to HP 2020 is an increased focus on positive youth development. Positive support and development interventions decreases risky youth behaviors resulting in poor health outcomes. By increasing the proportion of adolescents that have access to health check ups also opens up trusted communication which promotes increased healthy behaviors as well as trusted support for communication regarding serious problems. HP 2020 show that in 2008 only 68.7%
Health Issues Essay
Health Issues
1. Physical activity
Data regarding physical activity among Puerto Rican individuals are sparse. It is clear that these individuals have relatively high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, all of which are often accompanied by relative physical inactivity. However, this assumption must be regarded as no more than a hypothesis.
2. Overweight and obesity
Puerto Rican diet tends to be relatively high in calories, fat, complex carbohydrates, and sodium. It is somewhat deficient in calcium and vegetables. Younger individuals have abandoned the traditional diet for a more Americanized diet that includes a great deal of fast food, pizza, hot dogs, canned spaghetti,...show more content...
Only 5.8% of Hispanic women report smoking during pregnancy; the reported rate among Puerto Rican women during pregnancy is higher. However, smoking among young Hispanic women, including Puerto Rican women, is lower than for White or African–American young women.
Among women who smoke, Puerto Ricans were more likely to be heavy smokers than others (48.6% smoked more than 1/2 pack per day).
Overall, among Hispanic men, the smoking rate is 26%, as compared with 27% for White men. It is not clear whether the same rates apply for Puerto Rican men. Tobacco use is disproportionately promoted in minority and Hispanic neighborhoods, including Puerto Rican neighborhoods.
4. Substance abuse
A 1984 study of adolescent drinking in Puerto Rican communities suggested a lower rate of alcohol use and abuse in this population. However, problem drinking increased when adolescents left home. The same study found that problem drinking was substantial among mothers.
5. Responsible sexual behavior
In the continental U.S., Puerto Rican adolescents have a relatively high rate of pregnancy among unmarried mothers, higher than for other Hispanic groups or for white women. These women tended to be poorly educated, and to have limited access to early pre–natal care.
Puerto Ricans have been reported to be at greater risk of contracting AIDS through sexual
Health, Illness And Wellness
12000597
The following essay briefly discussed the concept of health, illness and wellness and my own personal ideologies about health, family beliefs and cultural health concepts which could affect the health and wellbeing. My visual presentation represents mammography for Visualization for breast cancer, yoga meditation, home remedies, nutritious diet and hand washing. How they impact and influence me in supporting my health and health needs of my family. I also discuss the influence of these conceptions on my personal life and how all these apply to my future profession as a nurse.
Figure1.Branson, B. (1989).Mammography.jpg. Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mammography.jpg
Hereditary diseases also play a vital role in individual's health and wellbeing. For instance; breast cancer, heart diseases and diabetes mellitus. Our body is made up of cells and the cells division of these cells produce new cells to replace dead cells. Breast cancer occurs when breast cells split and entering the surrounding tissue without control occasionally. The transformed cell preserve on making extra abnormal cells in huge numbers, which in turn repeat Group of these abnormal cells forms a growth called a tumour. Tumours could be benign and cancerous tumours (e.g. Breast cancer). Benign tumours are not dangerous for life and these could be removed by surgery. Tumour can grow in different parts of the
Health: Health And Wellness
INTRODUCTION
Health and wellness are increasingly being used. Health actually is more to a medical and describes the mental and physical state of a person. It will reflect a lack of disease of a person. In the contrary, wellness is defined as the overall process of maintaining a state of good health of a person. Wellness involves conscious decisions on the part of the individual, while health simply describes a person's condition of the body. However, the combined phrase health and wellness showed the meaning of the state of complete physical, mental, emotional health and social wellbeing, and it is when a person is absence of disease.
In contrary, health and wellness tourism is now had been immerging to the world wide and it is an international trend set by the health travellers who seeking to enhance their well being through their travel experiences. Health tourism refers to an activity by health facilities that used the natural resources, such as mineral water or climate in order to give the health services. Health tourism also is defined by Goodrich and Goodrich (1987) as an attempt on the tourist facility to attract tourists by promoting and providing its health–care services and facilities. Besides, wellness travellers are a person who seeks a wellness travel experience, which is generally healthy to...show more content...
The growing public focus on improving their healthcare had been a window of opportunity for the health and wellness industry to improved or develop the new product or services. The increasing of public awareness of health and wellness could be because of the increasing of the rates of heart disease, high rates recorded the numbers of obese people, the feeling of unhealthy, and various other health scares have all drawn attention to the need for healthy lifestyle
Essay On E-Health
"A Framework for E–health in Smart Cities for Developing Countries."
Introduction
Cities in developing countries such as Lagos, Accra, Kigali, Cape Town, Johannesburg to mention few in Africa are evolving towards being Smart Cities because of emerging global trend and technological infrastructures available to them (Ojo et. al., 2014).According to Telecommunication Development Sector (ITU–D), 2017, the leading telecom and internet data repository, 43% of household in developing countries have access to the internet compared to 85% in developed country. They also highlight that 50 persons per 100 inhabitants in developing countries have access to mobile broadband compared to 98 persons per 100 inhabitants in developed countries (ITU–D,...show more content...
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Cities in developing countries especially in Africa have been plagued by diseases, such as HIV, meningitis, Ebola, diarrhea, malaria to mention some few that accounts for the loss of many lives annually (James and Patricia, 2012, Mars, 2013). Hindermark, 2013 posits that adoption and usage of e–health and mobile health will greatly cut down the cost of health service delivery, improve quality and efficiency of the delivery and access to healthcare services in developing countries and in essence greatly reduce this menace, because research has proven that e–health is now a global pervasive tool in healthcare delivery system improvement (Scott et. al. 2012). It also provides a platform for synergy between developed countries and developing countries for knowledge sharing, research, and other resources and tools for quality health care delivery.
Vincent et. al., 2017 also believes the adoption of e–health as a tool in improving healthcare service delivery in developing countries but with its attending barriers and opportunities. Studies have shown that the absence or lack of e–health standards and framework in developing countries is one of the barriers which also includes but not limited to lack of knowledge, lack of skills and a shortage of medical personnel (Isabalija et. al., 2012). Developed countries have established frameworks for e–health in their various countries according to their own needs but the