Child Labor Thesis
Child Labor
Even though children helped their families get money to pay the bills it was also called Child Labor. Child Labor was very dangerous because the children working didn't get to see their families and many children became injured or even dead. Children didn't get to see their families because they were working to much. In Mr. Coal's story it states " I thought they must he men, who threw us in and drove the mules; but on looking closely i found that one of them was a boy about 12 years old." No boy 12 years old should be in a mine he should be in school. In addition many children became injured or even dead from working in the mines because then the mine could collapse and the child aren't wearing anything on their hands so they
Child Labor Essay
Child Labor
Child labor is a pervasive problem throughout the global economy, especially in the markets of developing countries. With over 90% of the total child labor market employed in the rural areas of Asia and Africa largely due to lack of enforcement, it is argued that something has to be done. Although the majority of people are ethically appalled by child labor, and against the exploitation of children, is the worldwide eradication of the worst forms of child labor really a feasible alternative? To answer this question people have to take into account a variety of factors involving both the economic and social costs, as well as have a firm understanding of the situations people are faced with in these underdeveloped...show more content...
With a vast amount of resources and huge demand for finished goods, child labor including the worst forms of bonded labor were used in both the US and UK to produce goods at the lowest possible cost. So to tell governments of impoverished nations to ban the practices that helped make industrialized nations what they are today is counterintuitive. For the US and the UK as well as others have relied on the use of child labor during their time of industrial development. This is a large reason why some third world governments are willing to turn a blind eye to some of the practices going on in their countries. Because there is hope that they too will develop industry by attracting foreign investment with the lure of cheap labor, and one day be able to emerge as an industrialized nation as did the US and the UK. So how does child labor help increase investment, and make children better off?
This is a very strong argument for the proponents of child labor. The governments of these countries understand that a child working 14 hours a day in a factory isn't what is best for that child. But when you consider the alternatives, is working in a factory for less than a dollar a day really making a child or their future worse off? Some would argue no. Primarily because of the economic advantages that can be gained by luring investment with the promise of high profits due to a cheap labor market. Krugman outlines many of the benefits that can come from child
Child Labor Essay example
Child labor is considered as a form of child abuse, it being the exploitation of a child's rights and freedoms. Therefore, child labour is when underage children are employed, this happens because a child labourer is paid less than an adult labourer. Consequently employers have more children working for them because they spend less paying the children.
"Child labor usually means work that is done by children under the age of 15 (14 in some developing countries) that restricts or damages a child's physical, emotional, social and/or spiritual growth."1
Child labour is not something that just recently evolved. As a matter of fact, child labour dates back to the 1780s and the 1840s, where child labour was predominant worldwide. In 1788, it...show more content...
Although there are efforts to put an end to child labour in the world of today, they does not seem to be enough. This is because even though there is a decrease in the number of children that experience child labour, the change is not significant. The level of child labour continues to increase. Presumably, in the societies where child labour is the way of life, only few individuals master the courage to speak against it. Unfortunately, their voices are unheard. For instance, in India there are efforts to lessen the number of child labourers, but culture always gets in the way. This results in children working under very poor conditions that pose a danger to their health on short–term and long–term scale. However, in Canada the law states that:
"Section 72 imposes a statutory duty on every person to report certain suspicions are based, to a children's aid society."2
"... a professional has a legal obligation to immediately report suspected child abuse."3
Usually, there is a reason behind everything that occurs in the world. For instance, the purpose of going to school is to educate ourselves so that we can have a bright future ahead of us. The main cause of child labour is poverty, which is heavily inclined by culture which varies with different societies. In India, culture is the way of life. Closely related to customs, culture this merely provides guidelines to the people within a society on how to conduct their daily lives.
2 Zuker, Marvin A., Randolph C.
Child Labor Essay
Child Labour
Child Labour In the past few years, a great deal of attention has been drawn to the global problem of child labour. Virtually everyone is guilty of participating in this abusive practice through the purchase of goods made in across the globe, usually in poor, developing nations. This issue has been around for a great length of time but has come to the forefront recently because of reports that link well known American companies like Wal–Mart and Nike to the exploitation of children. Prior to this media attention, many Americans and other people in developed nation were blind to the reality of the oppressive conditions that are reality to many.
Child Labour has been in existence in different forms from the beginning of...show more content...
At the factory, Iqbal would begin work around 6 a.m., working 14–hour days with one 30–minute break for lunch. The conditions in the factory were very poor with very little lighting and no fresh air. The children that worked there were not allowed to speak and were often beaten if the broke the rules or made mistakes. When Iqbal was 10 years old, he was severely beaten by the factory owner, a man named Arshbad, and decided to escape and report it to the police. When the police looked the other way, Iqbal was forced to return to the factory and was chained to his loom. Some time later, Iqbal escaped and went to a meeting of the Bonded Labour Liberation Front, an organization whose goal was to free Pakistan's bonded workers. Here Iqbal listened to a man named Kahn talk and spoke to him afterward. With Kahn's help, Iqbal was free and started to attend a school operated by the BLLF. Iqbal became a crusader for the rights of children, addressing crowds across India and Pakistan. His work had a large impact, reducing the export demand once people in developed nations heard of the conditions in the factories. Iqbal was awarded the Reebok Human Rights award in 1994 and continued to study hard at school with dreams of becoming a lawyer and fighting for children's rights. Because his work had resulted in the loss of income to many factory workers due to a decrease in the export
Essay on child labour
Child labour
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain during the 1700's. Industry grew rapidly with the development of power–driven machinery and new methods of production. By the mid–1800's, the Industrial Revolution had become widespread in Western Europe. From this child labour began.
Child labour is the employment of children as wage earners. It became a serious social problem during the Industrial Revolution in Britain during the 1700's, and the problem spread to other countries as they became industrialized. The problem first began when children, many below the age of 10, were employed by factories and mines. The children were forced to work long hours under dangerous and unhealthy conditions, and their wages were very...show more content...
But child labour created no major social problems until the factory system of labour began.
During the 1700's, many businesses in Britain began to hire children. Children worked for lower wages than adults, and were not so likely as adults to cause labor troubles. Factory owners wanted to use their small, nimble fingers for tending machines. Children worked for low pay in dirty, poorly lighted factories, mills, and mines. They often performed jobs that really required adult strength. Many children worked to help support their unemployed parents. Orphans were forced into labour. Similar conditions became common in the United States during the late 1700's.
Child workers were often deprived of the chance to attend school. Uneducated, the only work they were capable of doing was unskilled labor. So, they had little chance to better themselves. However some kind factory owners did educate the boys of the factory after they had done a days work while the girls went home to cook clean and men clothes.
Early child labour laws,
In 1802, the British Parliament passed the first law regulating child labour. The law prohibited the employment of pauper children (children dependent on charity) under 9 years of age in cotton mills. Pauper children under 14 could not work at night, and their workday was limited to 12 hours. In 1819, the law was extended to include
Child Labour
CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR
Poverty
Parental illiteracy
Tradition of making children learn the family skills
Absence of universal compulsory Primary education
Social apathy and tolerance of child labour
Ignorance of the parents about the adverse consequences of Child labour
Ineffective enforcement of the legal provisions pertaining to child labour
Non–availability of and non–accessibility to schools
Irrelevant and non–attractive school curriculum
Employers prefer children as they constitute cheap labour and they are not able to organize themselves against exploitation.
Causes of Child Labour
Some common causes of child labor are poverty, parental illiteracy, social apathy, ignorance, lack of education and exposure,...show more content...
India is the largest example of a nation plagued by the problem of child labour. Estimates cite figures of between 60 and 115 million working children in India –– the highest number in the world (Human Rights Watch 1996, 1).
What are the causes of child labour in India? How do governmental policies affect it? What role does education play in regard to child labour in India? A critical analysis of the answers to these questions may lead in the direction of a possible solution. These questions will be answered through an analysis of the problem of child labour as it is now, investigating how prevalent it is and what types of child labour exist. The necessity of child labour to poor families, and the role of poverty as a determinant will be examined. Governmental policies concerning child labour will be investigated.
The current state of education in India will be examined and compared with other developing countries. Compulsory education policies and their relationship to child labour will be investigated using Sri Lanka and the Indian state of Kerala as examples of where these policies have worked. Finally, India's policies concerning compulsory education will be assessed.
The Problem of Child Labour in India
How many children are involved?
It is difficult to cite a current figure for the number of children engaged in child labour. This difficulty is attributed to the fact that the Indian Government "has been negligent in its refusal to
Child Labour
<center><b>Our Efforts and Experiences Part – I</b></center>
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<br>"In all the civilized societies all over the world system of child labour is condemned as a social evil but the fact is the system is prevelent on a large scale in a country like India. It is noticed that, in recent times our society is showing some signs of awareness about this social evil. This is the first part of the article giving details about the efforts undertaken in and around Ahmedpur for eradication of this system.
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<br>Since past 12 years I am working on various issues related to rural areas through People's Institute of Rural Development and Rachanatmac Sangharsha Samiti (Maharashtra). To generate employment for farm labour through "employment...show more content...
And due this reason they work as Child Labour. This programme will enable them to learn 3 Rs. And may be make them capable to appear for Std II or Std VII examinations. They may be become a part of main streme education.
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<br>In a period of three years 20 education centres were of ended in 20 villages. Around 600 to 800 children were enrolled in these centres. Selected children were prepared for Std IV examination. They were motivated and supported in this venture. In the period 1992–93 ––– 1994–95 183 children appeared for Std IV examination. Out of which 122 passed the same and from those who passed 68% were girls. Along with those who appeared for examination, 139 other children joined the main streme of education this is our achievement. It could be possible due to purposeful effort.
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<br><b>a) Village level programme:</b>
<br><b>A:1 100% enrollment in schools.</b>
<br>In all the 20 villages a list of children in the age group 5½ to 7 is prepared every year. The purpose is, they should be enrolled in schools. Non–formal education centre co–ordinator and village education committee fully participate in this endearour.
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<br><b>A:2 Controlling dropout rate from primary schools.</b>
<br>Due to various reasons children enrolled in primary school leave the
Essay On Child Labor
Child labor was a staple during the Urbanization of the United States of America. Fresh out of a bloody Civil War that took the lives of at least 618,000. Child labor was very dangerous. Especially in the steel mills because of the lack of safety equipment. It was also very dangerous because the children laborers were very young for the jobs they were doing for such cheap pay. Anywhere between 12–16 years old. Since they were all very young they were not very strong. So due to them being weak, young, basically meeting no physical conditions to be able to work efficient the steel mill owners would take advantage of that. They saw cheap labor. Very cheap and easy labor.
There was child labor that was socially acceptable at the time and still...show more content...
The negative side of the "apprenticeship" is that the former slave owner could use and abuse his "apprentice". The courts allowed lots of apprenticeships. Most people would assume that they used that as a cover for what they really wanted to use the "apprentice" for.
Another common theme was people called "padrones". They were basically the recruiting department to find young Italian boys in Italy and have them and their family sign an "apprentice" contract. The contract was labeled that the boys would be shipped off to America from Italy to learn to play an instrument. Now, they did learn to play an instrument but not like they had imagined when first signing the apprentice contract. They would learn to play instruments, but they then were forced onto street corners to perform and make the padrone's money. The children that were good enough to make any money would be on good terms with the padrones. Those who protested and didn't make any money would often get beatings consequently for not making the padrone money. The kids wouldn't often even get any money. (Michael Schuman, History of child labor in the United States–part 1: little children working)
A perfect example on how the child labor was in the south is "...hundreds of under–nourished, over–worked and scantily clad little boys and girls do the galley–slave act in the treadmill of industry in Democratic territory." (Washington Bee (Washington (DC), District of Columbia) 10–02–1920
Child Labour
ELIMINATING CHILD LABOUR: DO NGO INTERVENTIONS ADD UP TO A STRATEGY?
Rekha Wazir*
The involvement of non–governmental organisations (NGOs) in child labour is fairly recent but it is steadily growing in momentum. However, only a few NGOs have succeeded in achieving recognition in this field at the national level. This paper starts by reviewing a number of inter–linked background factors that circumscribe and curtail the activities of NGOs. This is followed by an analysis of the strategies that NGOs use in addressing child labour. The final section addresses the question whether NGO interventions add up to a strategy for eliminating child labour. In order to be effective, NGO strategies would have to stand up to scrutiny on three...show more content...
2. Resource Availability
The reluctance of the Indian government to undertake programmes to eradicate all forms of child labour – hazardous and non–hazardous – and provide universal elementary education is attributed in large part to the shortage of resources at the national level. However, Sudarshan (2000) estimates that less than 1 percent extra of GDP is required to universalise elementary education. While this is a substantial amount, and would require some reallocation of resources, it is well within the realm of the possible. The failure to make the necessary commitment can only be attributed to a lack of political will rather than to any real shortage of resources. In this scenario, NGOs become the cheap alternative for assisting government in reaching some of its goals for eliminating child labour and universalising education. While this provides NGOs with a steady source of income, it also constrains their work, as financing for this sector is limited and government grants may be tied to the provision of certain kinds of services such as the delivery of non–formal education to working children, or setting up alternative schools in areas that lack such facilities.
The bulk of non–governmental funding for child labour and education projects is provided by international NGOs. These donor agencies have their own mandates, their own strengths and weaknesses and their own constituencies.